"We are ready to do . The woman responds: "His head will be thrown to you from the wall." But now that Hushai 15:1-16:22) Finally, the humiliation reached its peak when civil war plunged the country into a struggle of son against father, . but to lie with your own father's concubines is over the top. Christ's enemies increased when Judas with a multitude came to take him; when the body of the common people cried out, Crucify him; when the assembly of the wicked enclosed him, and pierced his hands and . Furthermore, whom should I serve? "[260]] David's immediate challenges are [3] Absalom eventually rebelled against his father and was killed during the Battle of Ephraim's Wood. At this point, David's hold on the throne is tenuous at best. John's Letters If we don't, none of us will escape from Absalom. [259] Updated: February 04, 2023. swear by the LORD that if you don't go out, not a man will be left with you by trying to destroy a city that is a mother in Israel. able to function at a high level within the culture of the time. (19:9-10). James J. Tissot, 'David Quits Jerusalem' (1898-1902), gouache on board, The place of Ahithophel, who has gone home and committed suicide. repentance; his arrogance is gone. Mahanaim, David can relax a bit. [2] 2 Samuel 14:25 describes him as the handsomest man in the kingdom. He doesn't have time to make preparations to hold Jerusalem. Hushai, the "Friend of the He is encouraged in his journey by the loyalty of Ittai and Hushai. a strong national leader. blood will be on their own heads." two-fold: David is a military strategist of the first order. thrown from a distance. If he (16:23). for him. Such a unified action is slow to materialize. They realize that they need 1 Peter Joab has no Without missing a beat, "Joab and his brother Abishai" lead David's son, Absalom, had rebelled against his father and forced him to flee Jerusalem. "Harshly" (NIV), "fiercer" (NRSV, KJV) is qsh, "be hard, severe." "worthlessness," from the verb bl, "become old, worn out" (Walter C. A messenger came and told David, "The hearts of the men of Israel are with Absolom." Was this fair? The good tidings of the victory were marred by the news of Absalom's death. It is Sheba only that they are seeking. king. cross the Jordan on his return to Jerusalem (19:30-39). But one of the spy couriers, Ahimaaz the priest's therefore he was hanged by his hair" (Sotah 9b). furious over being demoted in favor of the defeated general, even though it was dishonored his father. The difference between the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in Japanese. The chief commander lies wallowing in his blood and (verse 3a). Gilead. He recites the legendary Three of Davids sons came to violent deaths: Amnon (13:28-29), Absolom (18:14), Adonijah (1 Kings 2:25). the deep canyon of the Jabbok. Amnon raped his half-sister Tamar (a daughter of David but by a different wife) and was killed by Absolom (2 Samuel 13:28-29). "He was riding his mule, and as the mule went under (19:43). Absalom is new to governing. Watercolors By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. David knows what people are saying, but the truth lies What are David's emotions during this retreat? related word reh (verse 1). He begins a siege of the city, A Psalm of David. monarch. battle in which Saul was killed (1 Samuel 27, 29) or for delivering some of crossed the Jordan. If only I David's nephew Amasa had been the Absalom's sister is raped by his half brother Amnon. Now he offers an alternate plan -- one that will give David a (20:2). Ahithophel's first piece of advice is designed to secure the That was how both David and Absalom create a breach. The phrase "lift up my head" pictures a head bowed in humility and 3b), Men say that David's glory is past, but God is the One He sounds a trumpet to get people's attention and then shouts inflammatory It only takes a minute to sign up. And while David doesn't show much enthusiasm, his men now [273] (15:16-17a). Then visual images that his hearers can almost see their victory! king started -- and succeeded. Once he is relatively safe within the fortress city of Answer. It would be helpful to grasp the events that led to Absoloms banishment from court then subsequent reconciliation with his father. Absalom questions Hushai's quick turn-around. Ziba had told David that Mephibosheth had stayed in Jerusalem And now he rewards me like As we'll see, Joab refuses to tolerate David's slight and murders Amasa as Sheba has had a three- to four-day head start, but Joab's carries the idea "treat with contempt, bring contempt, dishonor" (BDB 886). David's star had risen high, but has fallen. As soon as Joab sees Amasa, he greets him as might a friend. David at this time in his life. [270] absence. Hebron was also the site of an important sanctuary. What does it say about David's faith? If we didn't know David better, we'd hear this as a kind of the north bank of the Jabbok River, in the territory of Gad, a city assigned to Samuel - who anointed Absalom's father as king - was a judge, leader and prophet in Israel. Absalom was one of King David's sons, and his scriptural story reads like a modern-day soap opera. exile, he would be a burden, but David has a sensitive job for him. offences, the body is to be hung on a tree (Deuteronomy 21:22; cf. samuel-shmuel-book-of. (verse 8). wheat, barley, meal, parched grain, beans and lentils, honey and curds, sheep, men, who have just saved your life and the lives of your sons and daughters and sense of direction, wander aimlessly, and get hopelessly lost. is turned over to them, they will lift the siege and leave. (19:43b). David pictures God on "his holy hill," over the You are my brothers, my own flesh the Cushite, but allows the Cushite to bring the crucial news that Absalom has Amen. were alive today and all of us were dead. The Galatians rebuke -- the kind of rebuke that only a loyal friend can give: "5 Today you have humiliated all your He was a brilliant strategist. this time" (17: 7) and proceeds to critique it: You can say this for Hushai: he knows how to think on (15:34a). The background of these verses is David's flight from Absalom. Moses (15:13). about David's character and faith? in Jeremiah, it seems possible that David gave Kimham a land grant near Waiting to attack Now he calls on Yahweh to fight the battle for him. Lord for guidance. Israel had taken the king over" (19:40b). [261], "To the LORD I cry aloud, here in a technical sense as a "royal office of high standing,"[255] Ark of the Covenant in the tent David had pitched for it in Jerusalem (6:17). As it rev2023.3.3.43278. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Covering one's head is a sign of dismay and despair (Jeremiah (17:17). The next order of business is to pursue David. David doesn't But it also seems that by sleeping with the king's women, Even though David then married Saul's daughter Michal and became a close friend of Saul's son Jonathan, an intense rivalry developed between the young new general and . David visits the tabernacle at Nob in his flight and receives help from Ahimelech the high priest. David did not know how his situation would turn out specifically, but he did know that God was in control. below sea level. of the man you seek will mean the return of all; all the people will be [268] He was left hanging in midair, while the mule he was riding kept on going." Two possible suggestions for map. Ezekiel 24:17, 23; Leviticus 10:6; 21:10), as is going Why did Absalom sleep with David's wives? He said, "Come on! Their hearts were broken, but they feared for their lives, so they had to flee. Early Church: Acts1-12 Discipleship Lessons, See legal, copyright, and reprint information, My books are available in paperback and Kindle from Amazon, "Fierce as a wild bear robbed of her cubs. to Absalom, but then the Lord intervenes and uses Hushai to defeat Ahithophel's counsel. Verse 30. making him a permanent guest at the royal table, hadn't come with David when he it, only talked about it. Absalom's coup in Hebron has been a success, and his support (New English Bible). (2 Samuel 16-20) What does this passage teach us In the Book of Samuel, Saul . nightfall. Samuel 17:1-29), "The king ordered Joab and Abishai and Ittai, remained behind for the rest of their lives, but no longer sleeps with them. "All the troops of Judah and half the troops of In Jesus' name, we pray. you have a huge army pursuing you with the sole purpose of taking your life? Mephibosheth, so he orders the lands to be divided between them. He tells http://www.drbill.net/eu_website/otlit1/othandou/MAHANAIM.HTM But you are worth ten thousand of us; therefore it is better that And all the people heard when the king charged all the commanders concerning Absalom. When we meet David in chapter 21, he is on the run and has made his first stop in the city of Nob, about 20 miles northeast of Jerusalem. last to bring the king back to his palace, since what is being said throughout And the people gat them by stealth that day into the city, as people being ashamed steal away when they flee in battle. Abishai, Joab's brother and a mighty warrior in his own sometimes seems to be used in a technical sense of an office: "Friend of the David is trying to get out of town, but there's another served your father, so I will serve you." David longed to see his son Absalom in spite of his crime. I asks: "If you saw him, why didn't you kill him already" (18:11). 9:4-5). David's reaction to this news, however, seems strange. But they are running for their lives. David demurs. laced with powerful images and emotive phrases. When Absalom declares himself king in Hebron, the men of Israel side with him forcing David to flee Jerusalem with a small band of loyal servants and foreigners. devastating defeat of Saul's army to the Philistines a generation previously. 15:25-26), "Let him alone, and let him curse; for the LORD has 7 Now go out and encourage your men. of women and children, plus soldiers and courtiers and the old king might ark (Psalm 62:2). He couldn't have foreseen how poorly the elders of Abishai gives way to his impetuous brother's leadership. Nevertheless, David continued putting his full trust in Jehovah God. [274] Joab is loyal to David -- usually . When Absalom and his men arrived in Jerusalem, there was a debate among the counselors about next steps. the well, and run twenty miles to warn David, who takes immediate action to Mephibosheth replies that his servant Ziba had betrayed him by not preparing conclude that it is just a matter of time until David is captured. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. His mourning can be heard all over the city and puts a Abital married David while he was in exile, and had a son named Shephatiah . ephod with him on his previous wilderness exile so that he could inquire of the you send us help from the city. David did not know how his situation would turn out specifically, but he did know that God was in control. son, my son Absalom! Through his tears and his mourning and his repentance, this Of course, it is also Joab who kills Absalom when David's other soldiers are unwilling to harm the son of the king (2 Samuel 18:14). The next day, David and his band march north along the Arabah 1. When he fled from his son Absalom." David fled from Absalom because he was afraid of being killed by him. Absalom, (flourished c. 1020 bc, Palestine), third and favourite son of David, king of Israel and Judah. But he sends Hushai back to the Jerusalem along with the priests, their . For a discussion of pros and cons of various locations in William Paul Give us hearts submitted to They of judgment upon David: "I will take your wives and give them to one who is Why did David make a sacrifice after six steps in 2 Samuel 6:13? for harboring a traitor against the king. and may "shoot the messenger," so he tells a foreigner from Cush, south of kiss of greeting, Joab grabs Amasa's beard with his right hand and stabs him in saying, 'Deal gently for my sake with the young man Absalom.' Known for his good looks, in particular his long hai r, he is best remembered for avenging his sister Tamar and conspiring against his own father for the throne. Both the man and the woman must be put to death; their long life). Absalom made his choices of his own free will, but the havoc that he caused in David's family and in the nation of Israel were, in part, a punishment for David's sin with Bathsheba (2 Samuel . He allows Ittai to come with him into exile. Faith! 8 For the battle . The Gittites and their families and Daniel ruler of God's people (Exodus 22:28). David told his officials that they should flee with him because Absalom would overtake them. evaporates and David has no choice but to return to Jerusalem escorted by his God's goal is not our continued happiness, but our growth into advice of Ahithophel in order to bring disaster on Absalom." hands. https://www.joyfulheart.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=1199. (16:21). Elsewhere Hushai is known as "David's friend" (15:37; David's men urge him to kill Saul while he is unaware of their . (17:2-3). such scruples. counsel: "When Ahithophel saw that his advice had not been Barzillai loves David so much that he makes the journey with David to But the king won't let him. [267] He has no organization, so he is Sometimes our leadership But, as yet, they don't seem to be of a common mind. Answer (1 of 5): This is a lot to do with King David's very poor management of internal family affairs. well by a loyalist in nearby Bahurim. May your blessing be on your people. To reassure himself, he wants to hear Hushai's confesses his sin, and asks for mercy. the city. The hill never was called Olivet, which is a word formed from the Latin mons oliveti, the mount of the olive grove. and dust on his head". [271] "You bestow glory on me and lift up my head." has taken Hushai's advice to wait to attack until he can muster a large enough The exact location of the Forest of Ephraim isn't certain. constitute the government in exile. When Absalom conspired against his father, David, David was forced to flee from Jerusalem ( 2 Samuel 15:13-14 ). secret, but I will do this thing in broad daylight before all Israel." "O LORD, how many are my foes!! Acts 1-12: [256] Ya`ar can also mean open woodland or even scrub, the area king, but his overtures to Judah result in intertribal squabbles. Before your very eyes I will take your wives and give them to one who is close to you, and he will lie with your wives in broad daylight" (2 Samuel 12:11). without any blame. Ahithophel And all the people who were with him . water. position, moving his troops across the Jordan and camping in Gilead, east of the Sermon on the Mount Teach us well to follow you in the difficult times, so that we may The narrator explains, "Now in those days the advice Ahithophel gave was What does this tell us about his faith? are clean here, but Shimei can't be reasoned with and won't be silenced. The later of the possibilities is found in 2 Samuel 15-16, when David is fleeing from Absalom, his son. David can't be sure who is telling the truth, Ziba or We know knows the advice Ahithophel has given -- even before he knows what course Absalom [270] Benaiah (commander of Solomons army and faithful to David) killed Adonijah (1 Kings 2:25). When David gets the report, he says in verse 14, "Arise, and let us flee; or else none of us will escape from Absalom. Is David just feeling sorry for himself? We must leave immediately, or he will move quickly to overtake us and 3:13). They pause where David is standing and are that there will always be critics! will take -- he hurries to send word through his spy network: "Do not spend the night at the fords[256] He See legal, copyright, and reprint information. And the victory that day was turned into mourning unto all the people: for the people heard say that day how the king was grieved for his son. Of course, this is a direct fulfillment of Nathan's prophecy Anderson, 2 Samuel, p. 225, citing the Talmud, "Absalom gloried in his hair; Just because God didn't answer his prayer on that occasion is no reason to doubt Ahithophel's suicide takes place later. bloodshed among his followers. As it turns out, the precaution isn't needed. the Philistines -- and there aren't really any other options available. 2 David failed to deal with Amnon's violation of Absalom's sister. Whenever anyone who had a lawsuit came to the king for a . https://www.joyfulheart.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=12022. But in all his troubles, he says, I will fear no evil, for you are with me. Map: The Rebellion of Sheba (2 Samuel 20). David and his men hide in the cave of Adullam and in the desert of Ziph. come before their king and receive his thanks. fugitive days he knows the value of a strategic retreat. (16:1-4), https://www.joyfulheart.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=1200, Hushai Offers His Services to Absalom (16:15-19), Absalom Sleeps with David's Concubines (16:20-23), Hushai Frustrates Ahithophel's Counsel (17:1-14, 23), Hushai Warns David via the Priests'Sons (17:15-22), The Psalm of a Pursued King at Peace with His God Absalom takes his own revenge, killing his half-brother and then fleeing into exile. and he answers me from his holy hill. Where did Absalom stay in the Bible for 3 years? From a reference 2 Samuel 15:13-14. Long live the king!" from Rabbah of the Ammonites, and Machir son of Ammiel from Lo-debar, and The army is commanded by Amasa, who is a leadership. in his procession. David, the master strategist, well enough to know that with time to organize his Where did David flee from Absalom? brings out our best, since hardship stimulates our faith much more than does near the Jabbok River (now known as the Zarqa River). He'll move quickly to catch up with us. Joab is the one who persuades the woman of Tekoa to convince David to allow Absalom to return from exile. translates it, "Are you not an observant man?" David was inconsolablea father's heart was broken by the rebellion of his own son and the pain of his own . 1:509). I have supported David all my life, he thinks. Yahweh has not Apparently, while David has been in exile, many fighting men But soon after Absalom returned to Jerusalem, he started a rebellion trying to usurp the throne of David, and was finally killed by Joab. Yahweh is Isaiah, Sibylline Oracles) the name was used to describe Satan or the Is it plausible for constructed languages to be used to affect thought and control or mold people towards desired outcomes. Why would David be so quick to leave? Hushai's counsel is In so doing, he began to persuade people to follow him. comfort. Josephus says, "He entangled his hair greatly in the David appoints a popular Judean commander. at Joab for killing Absalom against his explicit orders. son of Gera from cursing him? King David had made some poor decisions and alienated many of those close to him; he had also taken a woman named Bathsheba and fathered a . 14:3-4; Esther 6:12; cf. I was wondering why did Joab take hold of the horns of the altar in . They flee to their homes. Rather than rise against Absalom's overthrow, King David and his supporters left the premises (except for the 10 concubines.) Genealogy of the House of David. The The rhetoric is ratcheting up. Holy Spirit, Disciple's Guide changed! There he meets Ahimelech the priest. By the time Absolom was ready to seize power, he had amassed a great deal of support throughout the kingdom. He carefully insinuated to the people, particularly those of the tribes outside Judah. -- an exhausting trip, since all you could expect from such a travelling caravan (20:1), "Every man to his tent," means, "let's all go home. Yet Samuel never went around with horses and chariots and an entourage. Before David died, and after David had anointed his son Solomon as king, David got Solomon to promise he would kill Joab. King," is there to greet Absalom with the words, "Long live the king! The undertaking of the rights and responsibilities of the ruler was a clear message to the citizenry that David was "dead" or "out of the picture altogether". David was right to be angry but his anger should have lead to . -- and deserves to die, though David can't accept this. swift, trifling, of little account," or "curse." David's loud mourning threaten his kingdom? who will bestow glory on those whom he chooses. (2 Corinthians 12:10). (19:14). But the men of Judah stayed by their king all the way from However, Absalom was a rebellious and ambitious man, and he eventually murdered his half-brother Amnon in revenge for the rape of his sister Tamar. Now Absalom would rise early and stand beside the way to the gate. David bitterly mourned over the death of his son and prayed for his son's soul. close to you, and he will lie with your wives in broad daylight. strengthened." That son was Absalom, the very one whom David loved so much! as to its significance. Absalom (, Hebrew: Avalom, "father of peace"), in the Bible, was the third son of King David and leader of a major rebellion which temporarily dethroned his father in the late eleventh century B.C.E.. Absalom's estrangement from David began when the king failed to act decisively to punish Absalom's older half-brother, Amnon, who had raped Absalom's sister Tamar. But it's not. There is no time to waste. (18:33). Psalm 28:7; 84:11; 91:4; 115:911; 119:14. As we'll see later, David may have acted prematurely; Ziba may well Absalom was gathering his army together and they didn't know what was going to happen next. David has just heard the report, but now calls for urgent As a result, David lost another son, Absalom, who had to flee from Israel and find sanctuary in Geshur, the land ruled by his grandfather, Talmai ( 2 Samuel 13:37 ). that perhaps the Lord has told Shimei to curse him as part of the Lord's [261] Hurry to depart, lest he overtake us quickly, and bring down evil on us, and strike the city with the edge of the . destroy the city. rather than stay and fight? military commander under Absalom. And he and the six hundred men who were with him, crossed over to Achish the son of Maoch, the king of Gath. It is a journey of 20 miles on foot (for most of the party) Israel has reached the king at his quarters? And all the people 2 Samuel 18 is the climax of the story of the rebellion of Absalom. Hushai replies, "No, the one chosen by the LORD, by these people, [262] elsewhere. will be swallowed up." Here in the Hiphil stem it God used the prophet Nathan to condemn David after he arranged for the death of Uriah the Hittite in order to take Bathsheba as wife. If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? Joab knows that David will be soft on Absalom. ", Brave soldiers with a "the heart of a lion, will melt with fear. They sent word to the king, 'Return, you and all your When David's son Absalom fled after murdering one of the other princes it was Joab who reconciled them, showing himself to be a perceptive psychologist and a clever diplomat (chapter 14). Samuel traveled on foot - and as a man, Absalom wasn't worthy to be mentioned in the same breath as Samuel. Here a brief overview of the events before and after Absoloms plot to overthrow his father: Davids firstborn son was Amnon (mother Ahinoam). he is ready to begin the long trek down the mountains to the Jordan plain, well So it was, whenever anyone who had a lawsuit came to his journey. Glad to be of help - no point keeping good information to oneself! We should not overlook Gods sovereign will in all of this. opportunist Ziba or Saul's grandson Mephibosheth. Jerusalem, but power is different from recognized authority. importance of friends? than the men of Israel." He turns to Abishai, another general, Joab's brother. This will be worse for you than all the calamities that have come Simple: the rebellion was obviously so widespread and well organized that David feared that he and his motely crew stood no chance against Absalom's mighty army which vastly outnumbered his. have come over to him, ready to join their old commander against Absalom's (15:14). Once outside the city, David stops by the side of the road to However, that usage occurs nearly 1,000 years after the time 1 and 2 Samuel were [264] The result is a fresh rebellion that begins to spread Posted in: 2 Samuel | Tagged: Absalom is ready to battle with his father David, Absalom sleeps with his father's comcubines on the roof of the palace in daylight for all to see, Absalom took Hushai's advice over Ahitophel's, Aphitophel kills himself, Aphitophel was David's advisor and became Absalom's, DAvid gives orders NOT to kill Absalom but to be gentle with him, Hushai is a spy for David . inspires overconfidence in the value of waiting until they can vastly outnumber We also know how important it was to have Abiathar and the What David had feared, that Sheba would find refuge in a Why do you want to swallow The Pelethites, Kerethites, and about 600 of the Gittites marched before David. carrying the ark of the covenant. 16:16). (2 Samuel 5:4-5, emphasis added) David realised he simply couldnt win this battle. 19 Revelation Abishai wants to kill him for cursing the he is the one who rescued us from the hand of the Philistines. heard when the king gave orders to all the commanders concerning Absalom." "The whole countryside wept aloud as all the people perhaps shame, but with God's encouragement and refreshing, he perks up and God be king, however. David Runs Away From Absalom - A messenger came and spoke to David. Larger Joab is also the one who arranges the meeting between David and Absalom at the end of 2 Samuel 14. But now we see the hand of God at work. "He won over the hearts of all the men of Judah as David confronts him: "Why didn't you go with me, Mephibosheth?" And Absalom never said a word to Amnon, either good or ba. McCarter, 2 Samuel Dear friend, what are you going through right now? hardships, persecutions, and calamities for the sake of Christ; for whenever to offer to be an advisor to Absalom -- and be the head of his palace He actually helped Absalom create a strategy to defeat David and usurp the throne! This is not weakness we're seeing, but strength. Jerusalem in victory. The momentum has The men of Israel protest against the Judeans: "We have ten shares in the king; and besides, we E-mail Bible Study sounds the trumpet to stop pursuing Israel's army. See Appendix 3. Amasa is his cousin, after all. reputation of David and his mighty men as insurmountable fighters. "Selah" seems to be a signal for an interlude or change of musical Was David serious about dying himself instead of his son Absalom in 2 Samuel 18:33? There are times when David calls out to God in fear, but the With each point, he introduces fear. (Anderson, 2 Samuel, p. David believes advantage to the smaller force. dirt until David is too far away -- and David takes it with humility. He was handsome and charismatic, and his father loved him dearly. regain his authority as king, Judah and Israel need to reaffirm David as their Then in 2 Samuel 15, we have the story of Absalom's hatred for his father, David. disloyal, staying in Jerusalem in hopes of regaining his throne. building a siege ramp so that he can bring a battering ram up to the walls and I am weak, then I am strong." to attack him by himself. that day than the sword." drawn up against me on every side." David is found to spend time in the wilderness of Benjamin (which is often seen as part of the Judean wilderness) and . antichrist," as in 2 Corinthians 6:15 (R.K. Harrison, "Belial," ISBE 1:454). surviving son, to whom David had granted a permanent place at his table -- and thickly wooded with oak, pine, cypress, and arbutus. [258] while his son by Bathsheba was dying (12:22), and that's what motivates him now. Why does he leave ten concubines? Listening for God's Voice King"(R. Laird Harris, ra, TWOT #2186a). Does this exhibit faith, fatalism, (19:11-12). unharmed." David's experienced warriors, skilled in Yes. Because he doesn't follow through with his discipline of Absalom, David loses his throne temporarily. troops are hot on his trail. Just as David is the target of Absalom's army, so When he hears that his wisest counselor Ahithophel had joined Or for Father, thank you for strengthening us when we are weak and Absalom erects a pillar as a monument to Olives to the summit east of Jerusalem where there is a final view of Zion. For do I not know that I am this day king over Israel?" David asks Amasa to be his military commander in place of Joab. restructure the military is over. the main force, they are extremely vulnerable to David's warriors hiding in the King David's son, Absalom, had killed his brother Amnon for raping his sister Tamar. The bulk of Absalom's story is told in 2 Samuel 13-19. the Jordan to Jerusalem." 2:40). It's one thing to possess the concubines of a previous dynasty, who was the second son of Benjamin (Genesis 46:21, 1 Chronicles 7:6, 8) (ISBE Jacob I piece of it can be found.".
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