Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini translated into Persian. [3] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided between eight books called tarangas ("waves"). Taking action accordingly, regardless of initiating Kalhana an extraordinary student of history, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar2 discussed his exceptionally faulty strategy comprising in consideration of legendary or amazing lords, an ignorant religiosity in the Epics and Puranas (antiquated Indian kinds portraying the previous), confidence in black magic and sorcery, clarification of occasions as because of the impact of destiny instead of to any normal reason, an overall instructional propensity roused by Hindu perspectives on karma, and simple showcase of poetical and logical expertise. Romila Thapar additionally excused Kalhanas moralism and teaching. Verse 7. 1 Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? Some of the architectural projects commissioned by the dynasty in Kashmir include: Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar. Answer. Verse 12. 'Rajatharangini' review: A Sanskrit classic from Kashmir revisited in Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of Nal-Damayanti into Persian. Kalhana states that Lalitaditya Muktapida conquered the tribes of the north and after defeating the. [27], He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. Among other things that fall within its wide sweep, the work contains references not only to such things as the countrys episodic encounters with China across the border, but also to the depredations of Mahmud Ghazni in Kashmirs neighbourhood around 1013 that portended the eventual Islamic conquest of Kashmir, the land variously heirs to the spiritual heritage of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain faiths. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. 2011 Duke University Press In this article, we will learn about the great ruler, Razia sultan, and the monument, Alai Darwaza. Postmodernism is the literary period, the beat generation aligned with. [5] Some of the kings and dynasties can be identified with inscriptions and the histories of the empires that periodically included the Kashmir valley, but for long periods the Rajatarangini is the only source. The work generally records the heritage of Kashmir, but 120 verses of Rjatarangi describe the misrule prevailing in Kashmir during the reign of King Kalash, son of King Ananta Deva of Kashmir. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. What was the content of the text the Rajatarangini? the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. "useRatesEcommerce": false Owing to a certain want of care, there is not a single part in Ksemendra's "List of Kings" (Nrpavali) free from mistakes, though it is the work of a poet. He also got the Mahabharata and Rajatarangini. Rajatarangini (Sanskrit: Waterway of Kings) recorded a narrative of early India reasonably viewed as awesome and the best work. Defeated the Tantrins with help of Damara feudal lords. This too appears to be a reference to the ice lingam at Amarnath. Examples translated by humans: MyMemory, World's Largest Translation Memory. Its apt choice of kavya (poetry), as felicitously described by Shonaleeka Kaul, makes for a versatile and flexible mode that can entertain the mythic and the folk alongside classical and conventionalised registers of imagination and representation. [15], Sultan Shamsu'd-Din Shah was succeeded by his elder son Sultan Jamshid who ruled for a year and two months. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. His father Champaka was the minister (Lord of the Gate) in the court of Harsha of Kashmir. In the first Taranga (book) of Rajatarangini, Kalhana expresses his dissatisfaction with the earlier historical books, and presents his own views on how history ought to be written:[4]. all exact any . He displayed surprisingly advanced technical expertise for the time in his concern for unconventional sources. Learn about a brief history of Adi Shankaracharya, one of the most revered teachers in India's spiritual history. Learn more topics related to Ancient History of India, Download lessons and learn anytime, anywhere with the Unacademy app, Access free live classes and tests on the app. All Rights Reserved 2022 Theme: Promos by. The Shah Mir Sultanate and other South Asian polities, circa 1400 CE. Kishan Joshi, the Ganga Dhar, the Mahesh, the Mahanand and others. Zain-ul-Abidin is also called as Akbar of Kashmir and Shahjahan of Kashmir on account of religion and development respectively. Who among the following is associated with translation of Rajatarangini [4] It is known, however, that Mihirakula was the son of Toramana. Because of the rising Buddhist influence, people stopped following the Shaivite, Gonanda III founded a new dynasty. The Journal of Asian Studies It is by late Vidwan T.K. Ruled with his mother Didda as regent, aided by the minister Naravahana. To avoid this outcome, the king married his daughter Anangalekha to Durlabhavardhana, a handsome but non-royal man from Ashvaghama. He established a university in Naushehra and a Darul Tarjuma. Was this answer helpful? Request Permissions. [12] These kings ruled Kashmir for 192years. Postmodernism refers to mid to late 20th century. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. Like other translations of the work, it is in prose. Verse 13. Translations of " " into Persian in sentences, translation memory . According to Kalhana, this king "did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers" (Stein's translation). Abul Fazl translated into Persian many outstanding Sanskrit works, such as, the. The book has a magisterial Foreword by Puthezhath Raman Menon, a considerable figure in Malayalam literature and a contemporary of the translator. Son of Parvagupta and husband of Didda (a member of the. During Akbar's time the Ramayana and Mahabharata were also translated into Persian. The Rajatarangini was written in Sanskrit by Kalhana, who was a Kashmiri Brahmin. Answer. The version was entitled Behr-ul-Asmar, (or the sea of tales). Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. May 29, 2021 04:35 pm | Updated July 06, 2022 12:26 pm IST. it was brilliantly prepared for the work. Sikander Lodi was succeeded on the throne in 1489. ), Translations of Sanskrit Works at Akbar's Court, Politics of Time: Primitives and History-Writing in a Colonial Society, Buddhist History in the Vernacular: The Power of the Past in Late Medieval Sri Lanka, Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 16561668, Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language, Detailed Report of a Tour in Search of Sanskrit MSS. The book closes with the establishment of the Karkota Naga dynasty by Durlabhaka Pratapaditya II, and it is from Book IV on that Rajatarangini takes on the character of a dependable historical narrative. After his death, the queen committed. This was drained by the great rishi or sage, Kashyapa, son of Marichi, son of Brahma, by cutting the gap in the hills at Baramulla, derived from Sanskrit (Boar's Molar), (Varaha) meaning Boar + (Mula) meaning deep or root. This article examines two translations of the textone Orientalist and the other nationalistwith the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production. Zain-ul-Abidin - Wikipedia Rajatarangini can be a metric splendid and verifiable account of the north-western Indian subcontinent, mainly the lords of Kashmir. According to the historical evidence, Lalitaditya Muktapida ruled during the 8th century. Let us know more about Rajatarangini. Its heyday was the 13th and 14th centuries, broadly the period straddling the phase of Sanskrit literature to which hasContentIssue true, Copyright The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021911810002998, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. What literary period is the beat generation aligned with? By looking at the inscriptions recording the consecretations of temples and grants by former kings, at laudatory inscriptions and at written works, the trouble arising from many errors has been overcome. The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy, Supreme Court forms expert panel to probe any regulatory failure on Adani issue, India makes renewed push for consensus at G20 Foreign Ministers meeting, Hindenburg Research report on Adani Group | Supreme Court verdict on expert committee on March 2, High debt on Vedanta books puts investors on tenterhooks, Employees Provident Fund: How to activate UAN online, 1947: Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act passed, RMA 0-1 FCB, El Clasico highlights: Barcelona leads on aggregate after beating Real Madrid courtesy of a Militao own goal. [9][10][11], According to Wink, Shah Mir may have been an Afghan or a Qaruna Turk, or even a Tibetan. He erected a monument at. Uchchala's brother; ascended throne with Gargachandra's support, Harsha's grandson, who had escaped Uchchala's revolt. And 40 years after his passing, the translation has now been brought into publication thanks to the zealous efforts of a few lovers of classical literature. It covers the whole range of history in Kashmir from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. He was the ruler of Kashmir and the founder of the Shah Mir dynasty. translator of the Rajataragini. This king is identified by some with Huna ruler Toramana, although his successor Mihirakula is placed much earlier by Kalhana.[12]. Corrections? He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Daulat Khan Lodi, Rana Sangam Singh, Zahiruddin Mohammad, Turkish and more. Rajatarangini was composed by Kalhana, scion of a noble family of Kashmir. In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). If you are already a registered user of The Hindu and logged in, you may continue to engage with our articles. Gonanda was the first king and a contemporary and enemy of the Hindu deity Krishna. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. Verse 15. He delved deep into such model works as the Harsacarita and the Brihat-samhita epics and used with commendable familiarity the local rajakathas (royal chronicles) and such previous works on Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthivavali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. This Vikramaditya is not same as the, Shared the administration with his queen. Hari Parbat is visible in the background. The author of the Rajatarangini history chronicles the rulers of the valley from earliest times, from the epic period of the Mahbhrata to the reign of Sangrama Deva (c.1006 CE), before the Muslim era. Nothing is known about his origin. Translations. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. Verse 13. . Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? - ProfoundTips Jonaraja in his Dvitiya Rajatara? Kalhana's account closes in the 22nd year of his reign. It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. Murdered his father, and starved his half-brothers to death. He was also called the Lalitaditya of Medieval Kashmir as he erected many mosques and monasteries. View Answer In style the Rajatarangini narrative is sometimes considered as versified prose on a massive scale, yet its strong structural appeal made it a model for later historians. In fact, the history of Kashmir was continued, along Kalhanas line, down to some years after the annexation of Kashmir by the Mughal emperor Akbar (1586) in the following works: Rajatarangini (by Jonaraja), Jainatarangini (by Shrivara), and Rajavalipataka (by Prajyabhatta and Shuka). Gopikrishna Shastri (Ujjain) also translated the work into. He called back the Hindus who had left Kashmir during his father reign and allowed building of temples. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. After a couple of generations a Vijaya from another family took the throne (II.62). Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. His son Jayendra was followed by Samdhimati-Aryaraja (34 BCE-17 CE) who had the soul of Jayendra's minister Sandhimati. For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. was Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of NalDamayanti into Persian. Hence the correct answer is Option B. Deposed by Tantrin soldiers, who had earlier served as the royal bodyguards. According to Jogesh Chander Dutt's calculation, this year corresponds to 2448 BCE. Son of Hiranyakula. [citation needed], He was the next Sultan of Kashmir. Is domestic violence against men Recognised in India? Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the Kalhana Rajatarangini is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. Report Error Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th century CE writer can be a piece essential in understanding the historical backdrop of Kashmir. His flatters instigated him against his minister Sandhimati. It is a Sanskrit file of the diverse look of Islam. Son of Jayapida and Durgi. Get all the important information related to the Railway Exam including the process of application, important calendar dates, eligibility criteria, exam centers etc. [5], Kalhana mentions that Gonanda I ascended the throne in 653 Kali calendar era. . The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Kalhaa's account also states that the city of Srinagar was founded by the Mauryan emperor, Ashoka, and that Buddhism reached the Kashmir valley during this period. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th ce Answer. A Persian translation of Rajatarangini was commissioned by Zain-ul-Abidin, who ruled Kashmir in the 15th century CE. Kalhaa's account of Kashmir begins with the legendary reign of Gonarda, who was contemporary to Yudhishthira of the Mahbhrata, but the recorded history of Kashmir, as retold by Kalhaa begins from the period of the Mauryas.