For example: But when the terms are used to indicate a region, they are capitalized for example, the "West Coast". I often have to write north, west in reference to an entrance or exit, for example, the patron exited through the north turnstile. My name is Erin. You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). When referring to Greek, Roman, and other groups of gods and goddesses, only the name is capitalized. When the name of a city and state are used together, the name of the state should be abbreviated (except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah). Actually, you should capitalize federal only when it is part of a proper noun, that is, the official name of a particular or unique person, place, or thing. Each state has its own shortened name codes, which are used in written documents and mailing addresses. You should capitalize "North," "South," "East," and "West" when they're part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). However, they should be capitalized only in such contexts; names of compass points in sentences such as "I drove southeast for several hours" or "Have you been to any of the southwestern states?" are not capitalized. It only loosely defines a region of California and its border is not officially defined either. Another example, "Eastern" in the phrase "Eastern bankers" is capitalized since the word denotes a certain group of people. Do Men Still Wear Button Holes At Weddings? Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Without capitalization, it could refer to anyone in the southern hemisphere, or perhaps southern England. Thus, we have rigid goldenrod but Missouri goldenrod, azure penstemon but Torrey's penstemon and California penstemon. Capitalize the first word of a document and the first word after a period. Capitalize a persons title when it precedes the name. Short story taking place on a toroidal planet or moon involving flying, Doubling the cube, field extensions and minimal polynoms. The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. When dealing with geographic terms, capitalize nouns such as "river", "lake", etc. Hi, Kelly. "southern California" is not the same as "Southern California". Bulk update symbol size units from mm to map units in rule-based symbology. I live to the west of Detroit Michigan. My friend is a southerner. If youre referring to a specific location, such as the western winds, western should be lowercase. As a compass direction, south and southern are not capitalized: Capitalize each term when it is used as a proper name or as part of a proper name, and if the region is widely known: The Civil War pitted the South against the North. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. I is always capitalized, along with all its contractions. On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. Southern United States, for example, is appropriate because it is located in a specific region. AP Style states that when referring to the names of a nation, directions should . You should only capitalize "east" when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the East" or "in the Middle East". The periods are omitted in headlines. When common nouns like party, river, and street are included in a proper name, capitalize them. How should "Northern Europe" be capitalized? For example, you would write "the Southern United States," but "the southern way of . However, if youre referring to a specific region, such as the east coast of the United States, keep the words lowercase. . The AP Stylebook, which is the guiding stylebook for a number of news organizations, including The Daily Tar Heel, advises against using the Oxford comma in most basic series. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. 4 Is Southern California capitalized AP style? However, a co-author argues that southern should not be capitalized, because it is an adjective, not a noun. In case it's not obvious, I have a bachelor's in writing. In general, lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, etc., when they indicate compass direction. You should only capitalize directions, such as north, south, east, and west, when you are referring to the direction as a proper noun, such as in the South or up North. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as go south on I-90, then you should keep the direction lowercase. These should not be capitalized unless they are the first or last word of the title. The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: We study the history of Eastern Europe. Is South capitalized when talking about the Civil War? For example, we capitalizenorth,south,east, andwest when the terms refer to regions or cultures: Customs in the East differ from those in the West. Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest). At 8.47 ("Popular place names or epithets"), CMOS notes that certain other regions and epithets receive initial caps as well. Be the first to read new posts and updates about MLA style. Proper nouns should always be capitalized. The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) suggests lowercasing terms like midwesterner, northerner, southerner, and westerner, except when referencing the Civil War, in which case Northerner and Southerner should be capitalized:6. When there is no proper name, lowercase "mountain", "gorge", "valley", "beach", and other geographical features. In short, it says to capitalize northern, southern, eastern, western and related words when they refer to the PEOPLE in a region or what they DO (i.e., their political, cultural or social activities) or are part of the place name. Do not capitalize them when they follow possessive pronouns such as her, his, my, our, your. Which sentence is capitalized correctly on a cloudless night? But southerner and northerner are capitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Why distinguishes money from other assets in the economy. The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. editing, They live in the western part of the country. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. As explained in the post, there is no need to capitalize these words when used generically (only when they're part of a proper noun). Capitalize common nouns such as party, river and street when they are part of a proper name. Broadly speaking, a region is an area that's divided by: Geographic regions are usually depicted by their not-so-clearly defined, and at times transitory boundaries. That means you should lowercase articles, Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. The sentence which is capitalized correctly is My easiest classes are Chemistry and Spanish. Explanation: Because Pisces is a verb. That means you should lowercase articles, conjunctions, and prepositionshowever, some style guides say to capitalize conjunctions and prepositions that are longer than five letters. Be consistent (e.g., dont use south England in one part of a document and South England in another if youre referring to the same place). You should always capitalize Westerner since it refers to a group of people who are proper nouns. Words Which Should Not Be Capitalized in a Title. AP Style holds to the general rule of lowercasing compass directions and capitalizing regions. AP style is primarily for journalists and writers who want to conform to traditional journalism styles. Here Carlotta is the name hence it needs to be in capital and I, Halloween should be capitalized. Pronouns that refer to any god or gods should be lowercased. Names of gods are capitalized, including Allah, Vishnu, and God. Should north southeast and West be capitalized? Before capitalizing words like east, west, north, and south, check whether you are using them as part of a proper noun or merely to refer to direction or location.Don't capitalize directions (we sailed due east) and locations (western India), but do capitalize compass points when they occur in proper nouns (North Korea, South Sudan, East Dunbartonshire, the Great Western Plains). However, if, like Northern Ireland and North Korea, the direction is part of the proper name, it should be capitalized. @EdwinAshworth I didn't notice any argument in his answer at all. As an aside, when we toured through the San Francisco Peninsula earlier this year, our guide told us that the natives generally didn't like the name 'Silicon Valley'. Thank you. If youre referring to the Western States, for example, youre referring to a group of proper nouns. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. For example, the "river" is a general noun and not capitalized. Words such as one, it, its, its, him, and own should all be capitalized no matter where they appear in a title. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest). Binomial nomenclature is, of course, also used for animals, including the singularly curious one designated as Homo sapiens. The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. Whether it's an "official" name or not and how well the thing is defined have no bearing whatsoever. Is Colorado in the west or the West? Check your style guide (if applicable) for advice on specific terms. When did they standardize state abbreviations? the East, the North, the South, the West (of a country) northern, southern, eastern, western (parts of a country) Colorado is part of the Southwest. Lowercase with names of nations (southern France) unless they indicate a political division (South Korea). Todays post explains when to capitalize geographic regions in the United States. You don't even want to know what he calls pancakes. Capitalization For WebCT Users in Writing Classes: The "caps" icon (usually immediately before a word) indicates either that the following word ought to be capitalized (for one of the reasons listed here) or, if it is already capitalized, that it shouldn't be. Please include the research youve done. MLA style followsThe Chicago Manual of Style (8.47) for geographic terms. For example: I live in The North. Is state capitalized when referring to a specific state? However, capitalization may depend on the style guide you're using. Do you capitalize state when referring to a state? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. O needs to be capitalized since it is at the beginning of the sentence, I needs to be capital, Pisces is a specific constellation so it is a proper noun, and likewise North is proper noun. Opportunities exist on the east and west sides of the city. Other assets have a wide range of liquidity. What about capitalizing a Southerner or a Southerner? Youd also capitalize the first word and (according to most guides) the last word of a title, regardless of what part of speech they are. Use lower case for generic or plural references. September 18, 2013, at 9:56 pm. 3. Everyone knows that Southern blot is written with a capital "S". Have you ever visited the Western United States? You can even submit asample document for free to see how our services work. So, option 2 is correct. Usage guide. Dont capitalize the word when it precedes the states name unless its included in a states title. Clearly, LA, OC, and SD are part of Southern California, but there are a lot of other places that are located in southern California that are not located in Southern California, such as Palm Springs, Salton Sea, Joshua Tree, Blythe, etc. But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize Southern when referring to the South in the United States, regardless of whether youre discussing the Civil War. The first instance of when "global" should be capitalized is when used as the first word in a sentence. When these words are included in the place name, however, they must be capitalized. But if someone prefers "African American," use that term rather than a more generic "black." You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). Canada, Western European nations and developed parts of Asia; Global Southern countries are those that are less economically developed such as nations in Africa and some parts of Asia [29 . When you're talking about America's West Coast or the Middle East, the directional word is also part of a proper name, and it gets a capital letter. Capitalize these words when they designate regions. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Proper nouns include the specific names of people, places, and things. We always use a capital letter when we write the days of the week. To make room for the ZIP Code, state names needed to be abbreviated. That's when even the most exhaustive style . What is, In a front-wheel drive setup, theyre what transfers power to the wheels via the transmission or differential (in a rear-wheel drive setup). The first letter of someone's first, middle, and last name is always capitalized, as in John William Smith . So: North Carolina is north of South Carolina and east of West Virginia. In "the eastern portion of Colorado", however, "eastern" is written in small letters since it doesn't denote people or specific culture or practice. The capitalization of as depends upon its function. The names of things are known as common nouns. North, South, East and West as Proper Nouns You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. The storm is heading east. In the case of prime minister, either both words begin with a capital letter or neither, except, obviously, when it starts a sentence. It only loosely defines a region of California and its border is not officially defined either. As noted in the post, there's no need to capitalize generic directions (only when they're part of a proper noun). However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. The name of a theatrical play, but this is also a conventional geographical region that would be capitalized anyway. Is "Southern California" considered a proper noun? When they indicate compass direction, lowercase north, south, northeast, and so on, but capitalize when it indicates a region: the West Coast. However, some people also suggest capitalizing the names of: The uniting theme here is the idea of naming a well-known or well-defined region. You should only capitalize directions, such as south, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the South.". "The South" is capitalized because it designates a definite region, e.g., "I was born and raised in the South." More answers below When does a locational distinction change its suffix and capitialization in a proper name? What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line?
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